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The highly efficient dissolution of precious metals

     

The highly efficient dissolution of precious metals from electronic waste (e-waste) relies on the following core mechanism: the chloroaluminate anion ([Cl₃]⁻) in the ionic liquid, acting as both a strong ligand and a Lewis acid, can form stable complexes with precious metals (e.g., Pd, Pt, Au, Rh), thereby disrupting the crystal lattice structure of the metals and enabling their high-efficiency dissolution at ambient or relatively low temperatures.

As a class of tailorable "green solvents", ionic liquids  have unique advantages in the field of precious metal recovery, including low volatility, high stability, and the potential to realize selective dissolution of metals through structural tuning.

However, this technical route also clearly points to key challenges that must be addressed for its industrial application: the high synthesis cost of functionalized ionic liquids, the need to further optimize their selective dissolution capacity for specific metals, and the lack of a cost-effective method to separate and regenerate both the precious metals and the solvent itself from the complex ionic liquid system after dissolution.

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