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How copper is extracted from its ore

     

Solid-Liquid-Solid Wetting Furnace Process for Dissolution of Chalcopyrite or Concentrate:

The process operates under conditions of over-saturation with water and/or non-hydrated salts. It intentionally and repeatedly applies wetting and drying steps to enhance chemical and physical phenomena on or in the mineral or concentrate, thereby inducing copper crystallization, re-crystallization, and liberation during the non-redox decomposition of sulfides and their subsequent reaction with chlorides.

This method comprises three steps: (a) Wetting, (b) Drying and Over-saturation, and (c) Cleaning and Re-wetting. These steps are performed under temperatures in the range of 20-40°C without considering redox potentials, while minimizing water and acid consumption, with no need for oxygen addition.

The process minimizes water and acid usage because sulfide transformation can occur solely in the presence of hydrated salts or with a small amount of added acid and water. Additionally, it allows reduced water use during agglomeration and/or solidification steps because water molecules from the hydrated salt wet the mineral, minimizing the amount of water required to be added during wetting and agglomeration/solidification.

This method can also be applied to sulfides of less noble metals such as nickel, zinc, cobalt, lead, and molybdenum, regardless of whether arsenic is present in the sulfide mineral matrix.

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